The solar cycle, also known as the sun’s magnetic activity cycle, is a periodic change that occurs every 11 years, determined by the amount of change in the number of sunspots observed on the sun’s surface. In this cycle, the times when the sunspots are the least are called the solar minimum, and the times when they are the most are called the solar maximum.
During periods of high sunspot activity, light beams are more evenly distributed with the sun’s corona; If the solar minimum is at its minimum, the corona and light beams are concentrated at the sun’s equatorial latitudes.
The large-scale dipolar (north-south) magnetic field component of the Sun, which accompanies the 11-year semi-periodicality of sunspots, also reverses every 11 years.
This cycle has been observed for centuries by terrestrial phenomena such as changes in the Sun’s appearance and auroras. Driven by both the sunspot cycle and temporal aperiodic processes, solar activity governs the environment of the Solar System planets by creating space weather and creating space and ground-based technologies, as well as the Earth’s atmosphere and also possibly climate fluctuations over the centuries.
Understanding and predicting the sunspot cycle remains one of the greatest challenges in astrophysics, with major implications for space science and the understanding of magnetohydrodynamic phenomena elsewhere in the Universe.
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Halit Yusuf Genç
Sources:
https://www.haberler.com/fotogaleri/gunes-in-en-net-fotografi-cekildi-6-000-derece/
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_d%C3%B6ng%C3%BCs%C3%BC
https://evrimagaci.org/gunes-nedir-gunesi-ne-kadar-taniyoruz-8006
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